Multiple tree species are threatened with rapid decline in Maine because of new exotic insects.
In Hancock and Washington counties, the following trees are most at risk
Ash - Emerald ash borer
Eastern hemlock - Hemlock woolly adelgid & elongate hemlock scale
Red, black, & Chinese pine - Red pine scale
American beech - Beech scale & beech leaf disease
Various hardwoods - Winter moth
American elm - Dutch elm disease
More information can be found at www.maine.gov/dacf/mfs/forest_health/invasive_threats/index.htm
Emerald ash borer
U.S. Department of Agriculture, CC BY 2.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons
The best time to treat for these insects is when they are nearby, but not yet on your trees.
You can think of the treatments like antibiotics and vaccines for your trees. And just like with people, it's easier and cheaper to get a vaccine than waiting until you get sick.
Hemlock woolly adelgid
Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Archive, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station / © Bugwood.org